Effective fair lending compliance programs identify and challenge models that have fair lending consequences.
An effective fair lending compliance program should require that a bank’s model risk management and legal and compliance departments meet to review the organization’s inventory of models and identify which have a fair lending impact. That review could include traditional pricing and underwriting models, prescreen marketing models, a third-party fintech partner model, or even the data regression and analysis model organizations use to identify fair lending and redlining risk.
Organizations need to designate a specific person or team to identify models and challenge them for fair lending purposes. If the model review process doesn’t incorporate a fair lending compliance component, it could have unintentional consequences on lending portfolios.
Timing is a critical aspect of this process as well. A fair lending review earlier in the model process can prevent late surprises and help optimize the overall schedule and resource use.
Disconnects and delays in fair lending review can prove costly
Improve communication to save time and money and boost productivity.
No matter how hard developers try to identify and avoid discriminatory variables in models, these variables can still lead to unintentional discrimination.
Even seemingly innocuous lifestyle questions, such as which brand of deodorant or shampoo someone prefers, can potentially signal a person’s gender, which is a prohibited basis for making lending decisions. As a result, these models – often used by marketing departments – can lead to unintentional discriminatory segmentation if they aren’t closely monitored.
A model review team needs to understand how models are developed, how model variables work, and whether the weighting of each variable could have an unintentional fair lending impact. Otherwise, models might unintentionally affect protected groups in unfair ways, including:
- Excluding or pricing higher majority-minority census tracts
- Creating disparate impacts in low- and moderate-income areas
- Weighting female applicants less favorably than male applicants
Misunderstandings about the models in use can result in penalties, consumer reimbursements, and an increased risk of legal and reputational harm.
Collaboration to identify fair lending risk in models should happen early and often
The need for a fair lending compliance program in models at the time of internal creation or vendor selection is just as important as the need for validation. How organizations approach fair lending review alongside model validation can significantly influence levels of risk and efficiency.
Yet, in many organizations, model risk management, legal, and compliance departments collaborate less than they should, if at all. In some cases, the fair lending topic might enter the conversation so late in the process that extensive and costly rework is necessary for compliance.
Addressing disconnects and improving communication between model selection, creation, and validation with fair lending compliance teams can help manage risk and improve productivity, saving organizations substantial time and money.
Teams should evaluate specific models through the lens of fair lending practices
Regulators have not released specific guidance on which models require fair lending review. Organizations should establish definitions and guidance on what constitutes a need for review and when to bring model risk management and compliance teams together.
Models to consider include those that influence:
- Third-party fintech models
- Marketing and targeting applications
- Credit applications
- Underwriting and pricing
- Any customer-facing offering that uses a model
- Potentially, fair lending analysis and redlining models
Organizations should also review any models that might come from mergers, acquisitions, partnerships, and third-party vendors.
In addition, models developed and offered by fintechs continue to expand. These models should receive a close evaluation before use because fintechs are subject to different regulatory oversight of fair lending and model risk laws and regulations. The responsibility for reasonable risk management ultimately rests on the financial services organization.
Your teams should review fair lending on models early in the process
Review fair lending compliance as early as possible.
When organizations reach the point of validating a model, a review of fair lending compliance should be conducted at that time or, ideally, much sooner.
New changes can introduce unintentional and unforeseen fair lending violations, so organizations should review existing models for compliance any time they receive updates. If the model review process historically has not incorporated a fair lending review, then organizations should review all applicable models to look for discriminatory attributes that might not have been previously considered.
In general, it’s best to not change models before consulting compliance or fair and responsible banking departments. Organizations should have model review policies and procedures that outline trigger events regarding whether legal and compliance departments are required to review a model and include an up-to-date inventory of all models used and their corresponding owners.
Collaborative model validation can improve your processes
Crowe specialists can help your organization bridge the gap between validating models and steering fair lending. We eliminate unnecessary boundaries by bringing the right experience to the table when you need it.
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Whether you’re seeking assistance with model risk management or fair lending compliance – or both – contact our specialists for a fresh perspective and new insights.
