Pension contributions: act now to maximise tax efficiency
Personal pension contributions continue to benefit from income tax relief up to your highest marginal rate and employers can benefit from corporation tax relief. In addition, the underlying pension funds grow free of corporation tax on income and capital gains, 25% tax free cash is still available, and most pension funds sit outside of the estate for Inheritance Tax purposes.
No-one knows how long the current system will continue, and so it makes sense to enjoy these opportunities while you can. As a reminder, the maximum amount you can personally contribute to a personal pension or stakeholder pension plan, on which you can receive tax relief, is 100% of your earnings or £3,600 gross, whichever is greater. Overall tax-efficient pension funding, employer and personal contributions combined, is capped at the annual allowance which, for the 2023-24 tax year, is £60,000.
Pensions tax efficiency for high earners has been cut by introducing a tapered annual allowance for those with adjusted incomes of over £260,000. For every £2 of adjusted income over £260,000, the annual allowance is reduced by £1, down to a minimum of £10,000 where an individual has adjusted income of £360,000 or more.
Where an individual is already in receipt of flexible pension income from a money purchase / defined contribution pension, the money purchase annual allowance (MPAA) applies, and the annual allowance for future money purchase pension funding is reduced to £10,000.
Annual Allowance summary
| Adjusted Income | 2020-21 | 2021-22 | 2022-23 | 2023-24 |
| £150,000 | £40,000 | £40,000 | £40,000 | £60,000 |
| £280,000 | £20,000 | £20,000 | £20,000 | £50,000 |
| £312,000 | £4,000 | £4,000 | £4,000 | £34,000 |
| £360,000 | £4,000 | £4,000 | £4,000 | £10,000 |
| MPAA | £4,000 | £4,000 | £4,000 | £10,000 |
Key points
High earners retain the ability to carry forward any unused annual allowances from the previous three tax years and so larger contributions may be made, which will attract income tax relief of up to 45% (47% in Scotland). The MPAA cannot be increased using carry forward.
Planning opportunity: what is carry forward?
You are allowed to carry forward any unused annual allowances from the previous three tax years, starting with the earliest year, in order to make a pension contribution in excess of the annual allowance, as long as you had a pension plan in place in each year being carried forward from.
It is still possible to use this carry forward even if you are subject to a tapered annual allowance. The maximum available amounts of unused relief remain at £40,000 for tax years, 2020-21 to 2022-23, meaning that it may be possible to make a maximum pension contribution of up to £180,000 in tax year 2023-24.
However, if adjusted income has exceeded £312,000 in 2020-21 to 2022-23 and exceeded £360,000 in 2023-24 the maximum tax-efficient pension contribution would be £22,000 (see table above). This is subject to the MPAA not having been triggered.
The amount that can be carried forward from any tax year to which the taper is applied is the balance of the tapered annual allowance. If you do not use your annual allowance entitlement from 2020-21 by 5 April 2024, then this allowance will be lost.
What action can I take?
The calculations can appear complex. You must use up your annual allowance for the current tax year first. Any outstanding annual allowance can then be carried forward from 2020-21 onwards (the earliest of the three carry forward years available).
Please be mindful that you must have been in a pension arrangement in an earlier year to have unused annual allowance to carry forward, although you don't need to have contributed to that pension plan.
There remains an excellent opportunity for high earners to make use of the unused allowance from the tax year 2020-21 before it is lost (after 5 April 2024).
Will I be affected by the reduction in the annual allowance?
The definition of income for the £260,000 figure is ‘adjusted income’ which is total taxable income from all sources including earned income plus employer pension contributions. All pension contributions are included in annual allowance calculations (though the calculations of the amounts to be included differ between defined contribution and defined benefit arrangements).
If adjusted income is more than £260,000, the taper will only take effect if the ‘threshold income’ limit (of £200,000) is also breached. This test is intended to help protect those with spikes in earnings or contributions. If an individual’s net income is less than the £200,000 threshold, then they will not normally be subject to the tapered annual allowance.
Care is needed here, with any new salary sacrifice arrangement (set-up on or after 9 July 2015), which may be included in the threshold income calculation. If in doubt, please speak to us for guidance. The information provided is based on our current understanding of the relevant legislation and regulations and may be subject to alteration as a result of changes in legislation or practice.
Also, it may not reflect the options available under a specific product which may not be as wide as legislations and regulations allow.
Next steps
The aspects of pensions are complicated, so seeking advice is essential.
To discuss this, or other pension issues in more detail, please contact us.
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A pension is a long-term investment not normally accessible until age 55 (57 from April 2028 unless the plan has a protected pension age). The value of your investments (and any income from them) can down as well as up which would have an impact on the level of pension benefits available. Your pension income could also be affected by the interest rates at the time you take your benefits. The tax implications of pension withdrawals will be based on your individual circumstances, tax legislation and regulation which are subject to change. You should seek advice to understand your options at retirement. The information contained within this article is for guidance only and does not constitute advice which should be sought before taking any action or inaction. Levels, bases and reliefs from taxation may be subject to change. |
Please note the information contained is correct as at the date of this article.
DisclaimersCrowe Financial Planning UK Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (‘FCA’) to provide independent financial advice. The information set out in this publication is for information purposes only and is based on our understanding of legislation, whether proposed or in force, and market practice at the time of writing. It does not constitute advice to undertake a particular transaction. Appropriate professional advice should be taken on specific issues before any course of action is pursued. Any advice provided by a Crowe Consultant will follow only after consideration of all aspects of our internal advice guidance. Past performance is not a guide to future performance, nor a reliable indicator of future results or performance. The value of investments, and the income or capital entitlement which may derive from them, if any, may go down as well as up and is not guaranteed; therefore, investors may not get back the amount originally invested. The Financial Conduct Authority does not regulate Trusts, Tax or Estate Planning. |